ʻO mākou ka mea hoʻolako honua no nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā meaʻai a me nā mīkini laina hana lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o 20 mau makahiki. Maikaʻi no ka hana ʻana o ka mixer, aia nā ʻike hana waiwai ponoʻī, ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe me ka hale hana ma ka moku ʻo Jiangsu.
No ka hana ʻana o ka mixer, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ma muli o ke koi. No ka mea, ʻo ka mīkini ke koho ʻana i ka vacuum, ka hui ʻana, ka hoʻomehana, homogenizer e hele no ka emulsion, etc. No laila e hana ʻia ka mīkini ma muli o ke kaʻina hana kikoʻī o ka huahana.
Hoʻohana mākou i nā kuki e hoʻomaikaʻi i kou ʻike. Ma ka hoʻomau ʻana i kēia pūnaewele, ʻae ʻoe i kā mākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā kuki. ʻIke hou aku.
Wahi a ke kānāwai lua o ka thermodynamics, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā huahana mālama ʻili ʻaʻole paʻa i ke ʻano no ka mea ʻo kēia mau huahana he hui pū ʻana o ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā mea i hui ʻole me kekahi. No ka mālama pono ʻana i ke ola, pono e hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau huahana me nā stabilizer kūpono. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohui ʻia nā surfactants ionic a i ʻole nonionic ma ke ʻano he emulsifiers.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia mau amphiphiles haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hana i nā mea hoʻonaninani i kūpono ʻole me ka ʻili. No laila, ke ʻimi nei ka ʻoihana hoʻonaninani i nā lotions surfactant-free e hiki ke hoʻololi i nā hana kuʻuna. No ka hana ʻana i nā huahana kūpaʻa kūpono a maikaʻi hoʻi, ʻo nā mea ʻokoʻa maikaʻi loa e komo pū me nā emulsifiers polymer a i ʻole nā mea paʻa paʻa e like me nā stabilizers.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā emulsions me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā macromolecules kūpono ma kahi o nā surfactants haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hoʻomaikaʻi pinepine ʻia ka paʻa o ka Emulsion ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā polymers e mānoanoa a hoʻonui i ka hua o ka hana mau.
Eia naʻe, no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā polymers surfactant e like me hydroxypropyl methylcellulose a i ʻole carbomer 1342 e like me ka emulsifier mua. Hoʻokumu kēia mau polymers i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni interfacial i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e pale pono i ka hui ʻana o ka ʻaila droplet coalescence. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole nui ka hopena stabilizing o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka viscosity o ka pae waho.
ʻO ia mau manaʻo hoʻolālā i kapa pinepine ʻia he hydrolipid dispersions a i ʻole nā gel dispersive aqueous, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā huahana pale lā a no laila ua ʻike ʻia he "emulsifier-free" formulations. Mai ka ʻaoʻao kino a me ke kemika ʻaʻole pololei kēia. (E like me ka International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, ua wehewehe ʻia nā waiwai o kahi emulsifier penei: ʻO ka emulsifier he surfactant. Hoʻemi ia i ka neʻe waena o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe a no laila he hopena maikaʻi i ka adsorption ma kahi liʻiliʻi. Hiki i ka emulsifier ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā emulsions a i ʻole e hoʻonui i ko lākou colloidal paʻa ma ka hoʻemi ʻana i hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua o ka hui a me ka coalescence. uku.)
ʻO ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i kēia mau hana mai nā emulsions i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā emulsifiers "kuʻuna" ʻo ko lākou hiki ke hana i ka huhū: ʻo nā emulsifiers polymer he paona molekala kiʻekiʻe a no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke komo i ka stratum corneum. No laila, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia nā hana ʻino e like me Majorca Acne. ʻO ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai lākou he "emulsifier-free". Hōʻike ka Papa 1 i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi crosspolymer acrylate/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer ma ke ʻano he emulsifier polymer ma ka Formula A. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose a me ka polyacrylic acid ma ke ʻano he co-stabilizers. ʻO ka copolymer acrylic he polymer emulsifier carbomer 1342 i hoʻololi ʻia me kahi C10-30 alkyl acrylate a hoʻopili ʻia me ka allyl pentaerythritol.
ʻO ka lipophilic alkyl acrylate moiety ka mea nui e ka hydrophilic acrylic acid moiety. ʻO ka hopena macromolecule he paona mole o 4 x 109. ʻAʻole e hoʻoheheʻe ka mea, akā i ka wā e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me kahi kumu kūpono e hoʻonui ʻia a hiki i 1000 mau manawa.
Hoʻokumu nā emulsifiers Carbomer polymer i kahi papa gel pale mānoanoa a puni kēlā me kēia kulu o ka ʻaila i loko o kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa electrolyte, me nā kaulahao alkyl hydrophobic i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pae ʻaila. Pono nā ʻano maʻamau o nā emulsifiers polymer o 0.1% a i 0.3% wale nō e emulsify a hiki i ka 20% o ka aila.
Inā pili ka lotion me kahi ʻili o ka ʻili electrolyte, lilo ia i mea paʻa ʻole no ka mea e pehu koke ka papa gel pale. Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻaila ʻaila, waiho ʻia kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni o ka ʻaila ma ka ʻili. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana ka mea maʻalahi i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana sunscreen, ʻoiai ko lākou mau waiwai hydrophilic, he kūpaʻa wai i ka wā hoʻohana.
Hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā emulsions i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka acrylate/C10-30 alkyl acrylate cross-polymers ma nā ʻano hana pololei a i ʻole (e nānā i ka Papa 2).
Papa 2 Hoʻolālā no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā gels i hoʻopuehu ʻia i ka wai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā emulsifier polymer ma ke ʻano pololei a pololei ʻole.
No ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka mīkini o nā emulsifiers polymer kaumaha nui, pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā homogenizers high-throughput me ka akahele no ka mea hiki ke hōʻemi i ka paʻa o ka emulsion. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka awelika droplet anawaena o ia mau haku mele he 20-50 μm. Akā ʻaʻole kēia he hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke kūpaʻa o ke kino.
Inā koho ʻia nā ʻōnaehana i hoʻopuehu maikaʻi ʻia (1-5 microns) no nā kumu aesthetic, pono e hoʻohui i kahi amphiphilic co-emulsifier, no ka laʻana sorbitan monooleate. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kēlā ʻano hoʻohālikelike "emulsifier-free."
ʻOiai ʻo ka Formula B (e ʻike i lalo o ka Papa 1) he ʻano hoʻopuehu hydrolipid, hoʻohana wale ia i ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) ma ke ʻano he polymer emulsifier.
ʻO nā mea hana e hoʻohana ana i ka HPMC ma ke ʻano he polymer emulsifier ʻaʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e pili ana i nā electrolytes i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻopuehu wai-lipid e hoʻohana ana i ka polymer emulsifier carbomer 1342. No laila, emulsions aila/wai kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka hopena paʻakai o waho a noho paʻa i ka wā mālama.
Ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi mechanical ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻili, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka lotion a hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻaila lahilahi ma ka ʻili, e hōʻemi ana i ka hydration o ka ʻili. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka wai, waiho ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka lotion ma ka ʻili, e hana ana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni maʻalahi kahi e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā kulu aila i loko o kahi matrix polymer.
Hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā emulsions-stabilized HPMC me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka homogenizer rotor-stator e like me ka Ultra Turrax®. Hoʻopuka ka homogenizer i nā kulu liʻiliʻi o 2-5 µm ka nui. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe mai ka ultrasonic a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe puʻe homogenization e hana i nā nanoemulsions me ka awelika anawaena o 100-500 nm.
Nanoemulsions stabilized e HPMC hiki ke anu mai ka wai lipid pae. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka crude pre-emulsion, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻaila ʻaila wai a me ka solution polymer aqueous i ka lumi wela. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pre-emulsion i kahi homogenizer kiʻekiʻe ma 20-90 MPa i nā manawa he nui e loaʻa ai ka nanoemulsion hope.
ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻonui i ke kaomi ma mua o ka laulā maikaʻi loa me ka ʻole o nā pilikia, ʻo ia ka hopena i ka nui o ka droplet nui a ʻaʻole e hoʻokō i ka dispersion kiʻekiʻe i makemake ʻia. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano he overprocessing a he hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā emulsions-stabilized polymer.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o nā emulsion i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e HPMC ʻo ia hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi autoclave me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino nui ʻana i ko lākou maikaʻi. ʻO kēia no ka mea e hōʻike ana lākou i kahi hoʻololi sol-gel thermoreversible. Ma nā mahana ma luna o 60 °C, mānoanoa ka māhele o waho a pale i ka neʻe ʻana o nā kulu ʻaila i hoʻopuehu ʻia.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā hāʻule ke hoʻokuʻi a ʻaneʻane liʻiliʻi ka helu o ka hoʻohui ʻana. No laila, hiki i nā mea hoʻokumu ke hana i nā emulsion aila-i-wai me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana inā hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻeke kūʻē i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻana.
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā emulsions ma o ka hopena optimization viscosity o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā polymers e like me nā carbomers (polyacrylic acid). Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea hoʻopihapiha he "quasi" emulsions no ka mea ʻaʻole pili ka hopena hoʻokūpaʻa o ka polymer i ka hana interfacial. ʻO nā huahana pāʻoihana kūpono, i kapa pinepine ʻia he "balms", maʻamau ka liʻiliʻi o nā lipid i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o kahi hydrogel.
ʻO ka hoʻopuehu maikaʻi ʻana o nā lipid e hōʻoia i ka paʻa kino a me ke ola o ka mālama. ʻO kēia ana a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka hana o waho e hoʻemi i ka kahe droplet, a laila e hoʻopau pono i ka emulsification a me ka coalescence o nā kulu ʻaila.
Ua kamaʻilio mākou me Polofesa Hongxia Wang mai Queensland University of Technology e pili ana i kahi papahana hou e manaʻo nei e hoʻohana i ka graphene a me nā mea kalapona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hana i nā mea kūʻai aku hiki ke kūʻai aku i nā cell solar perovskite maʻalahi.
Ma kēia nīnauele, kamaʻilio ʻo AzoNano me nā polopeka ʻo Moti Segev lāua ʻo Vladimir Shalaev, nā mea i hana i nā ʻike kupaianaha i nā kristal manawa photonic e hoʻokūkū nei i ka noiʻi a me nā kumumanaʻo.
Ma kēia nīnauele, kūkākūkā mākou i kahi ala hou e pili ana i ka spectroscopy Raman i hoʻonui ʻia i ka ʻili e hoʻohana ana i nā nanopockets e paʻa i nā molekele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e hiki ai ke ʻike i nā kaʻina hana kemika.
Hoʻonui nā kāmela scintillation ClearView i nā hiki o ka microscopy electron transmission maʻamau (TEM).
ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻekiʻe a me ka nanoindentation ma kahi e hoʻohana ana i kahi Bruker Hysitron PI 89 Auto SEM.
E aʻo e pili ana i ka Phe-nx's NANOS, he SEM benchtop analytical e hana ana i ka loiloi elemental wikiwiki a maʻalahi ke hoʻouka a hoʻohana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-23-2023